What is the difference between a Republic and a Democracy? (Part I)

I'm going to start this off in two parts because I want people's opinion on which of these systems embody the following principles?

1.  A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections; 
2.  The active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life; 
3.  Protection of the human rights of all citizens, and    
4.  A rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens.

The rest of this will come in a later post.